Al-Tuhfa al-Saniyyah bi Sharh al-Muqaddimah al-Ajurrumiyyah

Al-Tuhfa al-Saniyyah bi Sharh al-Muqaddimah al-Ajurrumiyyah

التحفة السنية بشرح المقدمة الآجرومية

by Muhammad Muhyi al-Din Abd al-Hamid (20th-century grammarian).

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Part 1

Introduction to the Study of Arabic Grammar (An-Nahw – النحو)

  • Overview of the importance of Arabic grammar in understanding the Qur’an and Sunnah.
  • Explanation of the book “Al-Ajrumiyyah” and its commentary, “Al-Tuhfa al-Saniyyah.”

The Six Essentials of Knowledge in Any Discipline (As-Sittah – الستة)

  • Definition (تعريف), subject (موضوع), purpose (ثمرة), relationship (نسبة), founder (واضع), and legal ruling (حكم الشرعي) of the science of Arabic grammar.

The Linguistic and Technical Definitions of An-Nahw (النحو)

  • Etymological roots of the term “Nahw” and its various meanings in Arabic.
  • Technical definition of grammar as the science of sentence structure and word endings.

Significance of Arabic Grammar in Islamic Sciences

  • Role of Nahw in safeguarding the language of the Qur’an and Sunnah.
  • Its classification as a communal obligation (Fard Kifayah – فرض كفاية).

The Foundation of Arabic Grammar (Usul an-Nahw – أصول النحو)

  • Historical origins of Nahw attributed to Abu Al-Aswad Ad-Du’ali under the guidance of Amir al-Mu’mineen Ali (رضي الله عنه).
  • The methodology of deriving grammatical rules from the speech of Arabs.

Definition of Speech (Al-Kalam – الكلام) in Grammar

  • Four essential elements of speech: articulation (اللفظ), structure (المركب), meaning (المفيد), and usage in Arabic (الوضع العربي).

Key Concepts in Speech

  • Explanation of complete sentences and the significance of intent in the formation of meaningful expressions.
  • Differentiation between valid speech (Al-Kalam – الكلام) and incomplete statements.

The Practical Benefit of Studying Arabic Grammar

  • Avoiding errors in Arabic communication.
  • Enhancing the understanding of the Qur’an and Hadith.

Exercises and Application

  • Practical assignments to apply learned concepts.
  • Reflection on grammatical rules through classical examples.

Conclusion: The Pursuit of Knowledge (Talab al-Ilm – طلب العلم)

  • Encouragement to continue learning Arabic grammar for the sake of understanding Islamic texts.
  • The importance of sincerity and diligence in the path of knowledge.

Part 2

Definition of Speech in Grammar (تعريف الكلام)

  • Explanation of الكلام [al-kalam]: Composed, meaningful, and deliberate speech.
  • Key components: Detailed breakdown of the four parts of its definition.

Types of Speech (أنواع الكلام)

  • Three categories:
    • اسم [Ism]: Noun, defined as words with independent meanings unrelated to time.
    • فعل [Fi’l]: Verb, tied to a specific time frame (past, present, or command).
    • حرف [Harf]: Particle, dependent on additional context for meaning.

Characteristics and Subcategories of Nouns (خصائص الأسماء)

  • Subtypes:
    • مظهر [Mudhar]: Apparent nouns, clear in meaning (e.g., Khalid, apple).
    • مضمر [Mudmar]: Pronouns, requiring context (e.g., أنا [Ana], I).
    • مبهم [Mubham]: Ambiguous nouns, clarified by pointing (e.g., هذا [Hatha], this).
  • Examples to increase vocabulary: Everyday items and names.

Verbs and Their Forms (الأفعال وأشكالها)

  • Three types of verbs:
    • Past (ماض) [Madin]: Referring to completed actions (e.g., كتب [Kataba], wrote).
    • Present (مضارع) [Mudari’]: Actions happening now or later (e.g., يكتب [Yaktubu], writes).
    • Command (أمر) [Amr]: Requests or directives (e.g., اكتب [Uktub], write).
  • Key Concepts: Tied to time, actions, and states.

Definition and Function of Particles (الحروف)

  • Role of particles: Convey meaning only in conjunction with other words.
  • Examples:
    • Shared (مشترك) [Mushtarak]: Used with both nouns and verbs (e.g., هل [Hal], بل [Bal]).
    • Noun-specific (مختص بالأسماء) [Mukhtass bil Asma’]: Only for nouns (e.g., من [Min], إلى [Ila]).
    • Verb-specific (مختص بالأفعال) [Mukhtass bil Af’al]: Only for verbs (e.g., لن [Lan], قد [Qad]).

Practical Applications and Exercises

  • Memorization: Importance of retaining examples and definitions.
  • Practice: Actively applying learned concepts in written and spoken Arabic.

Conclusion and Next Steps

  • Summary: Key points on definitions, examples, and rules.
  • Assignment: Memorize definitions and examples to solidify understanding.
  • Closing Du’a: Asking Allah for sincerity and steadfastness in seeking knowledge.

Part 3

The Science of Arabic Grammar (‘Ilm al-Nahw [علم النحو])

  • Definition of Nahw linguistically and technically.
  • Its subject matter, benefits, and ruling in Islam (Hukm al-Shari’i [حكم الشرعي]).

Historical Background of Nahw

  • Origins and foundational contributions by Abu al-Aswad al-Du’ali [أبو الأسود الدؤلي].
  • The role of Amir al-Mu’minin Ali ibn Abi Talib [علي بن أبي طالب] in establishing the science.

Core Elements of Arabic Speech (al-Kalam [الكلام])

  • Definition: al-Kalam is al-Lafdh al-Murakkab al-Mufid bi al-Wad‘ al-‘Arabi [اللفظ المركب المفيد بالوضع العربي].
  • Explanation of the four pillars:
    • Lafdh [اللفظ]: Sound and letters.
    • Murakkab [المركب]: Composed of two or more words.
    • Mufid [المفيد]: Conveying a complete and beneficial meaning.
    • Bi al-Wad‘ al-‘Arabi [بالوضع العربي]: In adherence to Arabic linguistic norms.

Examples and Application

  • Valid examples of al-Kalam.
  • Common errors and non-valid compositions.

Homework and Assignments

  • Memorization of the definition of al-Kalam.
  • Exercises in identifying valid and invalid examples of al-Kalam.
  • Listening assignment: Explanation of al-Ajrumiyyah [الأجرومية] by Sheikh Ibn Uthaymeen [شيخ ابن عثيمين].

 

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